Numerical simulation of bubbly jets in crossflow using OpenFOAM

This paper conducted a computational fluid dynamics study of bubbly jets (not bubble plumes due to pure gas injection) in crossflow explore the hydrodynamics that are still unknown. A three-dimensional model was developed, calibrated, and validated by coupling Euler–Euler two-fluid with unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes approach OpenFOAM. The results showed modeled void fraction, velocity, water jet centerline trajectory, expansion agree well experimental data. vertical distribution turbulent kinetic energy evolves from mono-peak dual-peaks as penetrates farther for interactions between bubbles ambient flow. Water velocity examined at cross sections both air- water-phases crossflow, counter-rotating vortex pairs can be clearly observed phases. Generally, center-plane maximum concentration decreases direction. Compared jets, stretched wider direction lift bubbles, thus, dilution is larger. Interestingly, vorticity two “kidney-shapes” axisymmetric “thumb-up-shapes.” Moreover, effects on behaviors were systematically examined. As increases, locations concentration, magnitude, centerline, all tend lower jets.